deep dives

To Whom Does Ariana Grandeā€™s ā€˜7 Ringsā€™ Owe Its Sound?

Photo: Vevo

Ariana Grandeā€™s Sweetener is less than six months old, but Thank U, Next, the announced title of her fifth studio album, is already on the books. Ari is moving into her next era, or eschewing the old-school sensibilities of eras altogether ā€” not unlike other pop juggernauts such as BeyoncĆ©, Rihanna, and Lorde. ā€œI donā€™t want to conform to the pop star agenda,ā€ she told Billboard early last month, expressing her longing for something much, much simpler. ā€œI just want to fucking talk to my fans and sing and write music and drop it the way these boys do.ā€ Like with ā€œThank U, Next,ā€ intimacy with fans was key to the release of ā€œ7 Rings.ā€ Grande teased the song over a couple weeks, leaving hints via Twitter and Instagram. The song and video dropped together last Friday, streamed live on Youtube at midnight ET. The running chat box in the corner ā€” like Twitter and probably a lot of group chats ā€” was a party. ā€œWE MADE IT YALL,ā€ said one user; ā€œThis is so good already omg,ā€ said another, just 34 seconds in. As the song settled into its beat another user interjected, ā€œRap game she coming.ā€

The music video for ā€œ7 Rings,ā€ like Grandeā€™s other recent collaborations with director Hannah Lux Davis (ā€œInto You,ā€ ā€œBreathin,ā€ ā€œThank U, Nextā€), is glossy, cool-toned, and scenic, letting a germ of an idea ā€” in this case the real-life tale of a tipsy Tiffanyā€™s shopping spree ā€” unfold into a rotating set of panoramic vibes and lewks. Pink gloss and pink Cadillacs, neon-illuminated interiors, cookies, a nod to James Turrell, and plenty of Champagne ā€” just to name a few of the videoā€™s favorite things.

But as Friday began in earnest, some of the more conspicuous features of ā€œ7 Ringsā€ ā€” both song and video ā€” raised some eyebrows. The saucy hook, ā€œayyā€ flow, and overall trap vibes got people querying what appears to be uncharted territory in the artistā€™s sound. The videoā€™s prismatic visuals, bearing all traces of rapper couture and baby-girl aesthetics, seemed to intensify the discontinuity. In a now-deleted video posted to Twitter and Instagram, New York rapper Princess Nokia demonstrated the resemblance between ā€œ7 Ringsā€ and the song ā€œMineā€ off the rapperā€™s 2017 album 1992 Deluxe. ā€œDoesnā€™t that sound familiar to you? ā€˜Cause that sound really familiar to me,ā€ she says to the camera. ā€œAinā€™t that the song I made about brown women and their hair? Sounds about white.ā€ (Not long after, Toronto producer Krs. accused Nokia of stealing that very same hook herself.) 2 Chainz fans also noticed the hookā€™s similarity to the 2011 2 Chainz song ā€œSpend It.ā€ The pink-coated architecture in the ā€œ7 Ringsā€ video is of kin to his pink trap-house installation, used to promote his 2017 album Pretty Girls Like Trap Music and rendered on its cover. Others noticed a cadence close to ā€œPretty Girl Swag,ā€ the song also coincidentally back in the air thanks to a viral meme. Soulja Boy, already mired in a somewhat crisis of underappreciated influence, requested credit for the perceived contribution on Twitter. ā€œLol stop stealing my swag. Word,ā€ he said, quote-tweeting Grande directly. ā€œYouā€™re a thief.ā€ The ā€œA-wordā€ ā€” the bane of pop-cultural existence since those fateful 2013 VMAs ā€” made its dreaded return. Is this an act of appropriation, or worse, outright theft?

Appropriation or not is the wrong question. If the question is whether or not ā€œ7 Ringsā€ owes its existence to appropriation, then the answer is yes and thank God for it ā€” the answer will always be some version of ā€œyesā€ for every song as long as we all continue to live in society. If the question is whether or not ā€œ7 Ringsā€ owes its look and sound to the vibrance of black and brown and East Asian (Japanese) aesthetics, then the answer, too, is yes. Whether any of these gestures ought be raised to the level of offense is a slipperier matter.

Since the 1980s, the conspicuous acceleration of interpolary practices in recorded music ā€” namely rap ā€” has left behind what should seem like cut-and-dried legalities. If you use it, clear it, or spend a lot of money wishing you had. This remains the truth ā€” artists, or their label, still need clearance to sample even a fraction of someone elseā€™s song on their own, though crucially, permission is given by whomever owns song rights (which may or may not be the person responsible for its creation). At one point during the sloppy rollout of Queen last summer, Nicki Minaj implored fans to pester Tracy Chapman on her behalf in the interest of clearing a sample for the song. Though taken off the album, ā€œSorry,ā€ featuring Nas and sampling Chapmanā€™s ā€œBaby Can I Hold You,ā€ was promoted and played on Hot 97, allegedly with the blessing of Nickiā€™s team. Chapman returned with a lawsuit. Around the same time TMZ reported that rapper M.O.S. was suing Migos and Capitol Records for infringement over the song ā€œWalk It Like I Talk Itā€ featuring Drake. In an interview with XXL, Quavo brushed off the claim. ā€œMan, that shitā€™s an old saying, man. We been saying ā€˜Walk it, talk it.ā€™ā€

And if the matter of sampling is still less than absolute, that makes further ambiguous the whole range of reproducible lyrical devices and catchphrases, portable rhythms, and that even more dubiously trademarked sonic characteristic called flow. Whatā€™s copyright to a vibe? As NYU professor Jeff Peretz told Vulture, that gray area is becoming more contentious ā€” the 2015 ruling against Robin Thicke and Pharrellā€™s ā€œBlurred Linesā€ implicates the practice of reconstructing rhythms without sampling, the means by which Pharrell seemingly imitated Marvin Gayeā€™s 1977 song ā€œGot to Give It Up.ā€ Until this case, said Peretz, ā€œrhythm hasnā€™t been taken as seriously [in copyright law].ā€ Melodies are absolutely litigious, but style is hard to copyright.

Which leaves the moral and cultural question per usual: appropriation or ā€œappreciationā€? Ultimately, these labels describe the same gesture, differing as a matter of perceived intent and public taste. In either case something has been borrowed, perhaps without intent or ā€” as is common in the age of the everywhere-internet ā€” knowledge of from whence it came.

Ariana is no stranger to amalgamative sound. In her post-Victorious debut, the singer and songwriter staked her aesthetic commitments firmly in the genre of R&B-inflected pop, citing idols such as Gloria Estefan, India.Arie, Whitney Houston, Brandy, and Mariah Carey, whom she called ā€œ[her] favorite human being on the planetā€ in a 2012 interview. These influences are apparent on 2013ā€™s Yours Truly, an album that counts several veteran and emerging R&B songwriters and producers among its credits, including Babyface, Sevyn Streeter, Lonny Bereal, Jordin Sparks, J.Que, Harmony Samuels, and Brenda Russell (in addition to Grande herself). While her sophomore My Everything is likely most remembered for venturing into electronic influences on singles like ā€œOne Last Timeā€ and ā€œBreak Freeā€ (featuring Zedd), the album remains true to Grandeā€™s R&B inclinations, found in songs like ā€œBest Mistake,ā€ ā€œBe My Baby,ā€ and ā€œBreak Your Heart Right Backā€ (featuring Childish Gambino and crediting songwriters Bernard Edwards, Nile Rodgers, Stevie J, Biggie Smalls, Diddy, and Ma$e for the sample of ā€œMo Money Mo Problemsā€ that in turn samples Diana Rossā€™s ā€œIā€™m Coming Outā€).

By Dangerous Woman, Grande had slipped into what ought to be known as her signature talent, convening the best of various genres and sonic traditions in singularly frictionless (yet still divaistic) vocals ā€” collaborating seamlessly with Nicki Minaj (ā€œSide to Sideā€), Lil Wayne (ā€œLet Me Love Youā€), Macy Gray (ā€œLeave Me Lonelyā€), and Future (ā€œEverydayā€). Sweetener fortifies the recipe, incorporating additional ayy-like flows, trap rhythms, and fast talk with a vernacular as digital as it is urban (ā€œWhen you try to come for me, I keep on flourishing,ā€ et al.). But unlike Miley or Sam Smith, pop acts with histories of playing fast and loose with black musical traditions that sound ill-fitted, thereā€™s no missing embrace here. Much like another superstar whose R&B-isms are long melded to his musical ear, Grande has a long-standing relationship with black music of a kind. Not just her credits, but her cadences and harmonies and vocal flourishes demonstrate study and commitment. In that vein, ā€œ7 Ringsā€ could suggest an evolution or deviation in her sound as popular black music, too, evolves and deviates. In a tweet sent the day after the song and videoā€™s release, Grande praised friends and collaborators Tayla Parx, Victoria MonĆ©t, NJOMZA, and Kaydence, without whom she ā€œwouldnā€™t have made this celebratory bop.ā€ ā€œ7 Rings,ā€ like any music worth listening to, was not just a labor of love, but a collective effort.

The fusion is, admittedly, not as coherent as in singles past. The bad-bitch vernacular accumulates, at times, like a multicar pileup. Certain lyrical phrases, like ā€œWhen you see them racks, they stacked up like my ass,ā€ seem cut for someone of a more bombastic size. Though Grande made the long ponytail hers, the Rapunzel weave paired with the hotly contested ā€œgee thanks, just bought itā€ lyric, sounds strange not because white girls donā€™t also purchase their hair, but because they havenā€™t ā€” until now, perhaps ā€” fashioned a language for talking about it, preferring to live in the illusion (but trust me, we all know whatā€™s what).

And yet, itā€™s hard to chastise ā€œ7 Ringsā€ compared to less or unforgivable equivalents heard from Meghan Trainor or Taylor Swift or Katy Perry these days. The truth is that in the new millennium, the aesthetics of pop, of female empowerment, of shining, of flossinā€™, of poppinā€™, are now indistinguishable from the look, sound, and language of hip-hop culture.

At least the song is good and fun. Call it an ā€œappropriation bopā€ if so inclined. (But then again, arenā€™t they all?)

To Whom Does Ariana Grandeā€™s ā€˜7 Ringsā€™ Owe Its Sound?