Topline
More than 420 measles cases have been confirmed across Texas as of Tuesday, according to state health officials, as an outbreak of the highly contagious illness continues spreading in several states, including Colorado, which earlier reported its first case in years.
Most of the cases in the U.S. are centered in Texas.
Key Facts
The Texas Department of State Health Services reported its measles outbreak had grown to 422 cases as of Tuesday, with 42 of the patients having been hospitalized and one person, an unvaccinated child with underlying conditions, confirmed dead from the illness.
The Texas health department said five of the cases were in vaccinated people, with the remainder of the 417 sick patients being unvaccinated or having an unknown vaccination status.
There are 483 confirmed measles cases in the U.S. so far this year, according to last week’s update from the CDC, far surpassing the 285 measles cases recorded in the entirety of 2024.
The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment said in a statement late Monday a measles case was confirmed in an unvaccinated adult in Pueblo, Colorado, who recently traveled to an area of Mexico experiencing a measles outbreak—the state’s first confirmed measles case since 2023, according to the Denver Post.
In New Mexico, which has the second-highest number of measles cases in the country, Lea County is home to 42 of the state’s 44 confirmed measles cases, and is about 47 miles from Gaines County, Texas, where the majority of Texas’ measles cases have been detected.
The Kansas Department of Health and Environment reported 23 confirmed cases as of March 26, including 13 new confirmed infections since March 21, and Jill Bronaugh, the department’s communications director, told Forbes genetic sequencing of one case is “consistent” with a link to outbreaks in Texas and New Mexico.
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Where In Texas Is The Measles Outbreak?
There are 280 measles cases located in Gaines County, a rural area about an hour-and-a-half west of Lubbock. Cases have reached double digits in Terry County (41), Lubbock County (27), Yoakum County (16), Dawson County (14) and Lamar County (10), with a total of 19 Texas counties confirming cases of the illness.
What Age Groups Is The Measles Outbreak Impacting In Texas?
One hundred and sixty-nine of the cases have been among people aged five to 17, while 141 cases were among children younger than five and 87 were reported among adults aged 18 and above. The ages of 25 patients have not been stated.
Are There Outbreaks In Other States?
Outside of Texas, New Mexico and Kansas, anywhere from one to nine cases have been reported by the CDC in California, Colorado, Washington, Alaska, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Vermont and Rhode Island.
What Are Measles Symptoms?
Symptoms of measles include a fever, rash, cough, fatigue, runny nose and red eyes. The symptoms do not appear until 10 to 14 days after someone is exposed to the virus and can appear as late as 21 days after exposure.
How Contagious Is Measles?
Measles is highly contagious and can spread from one person to nine out of 10 people close to them, according to the CDC, which notes a person infected with measles can spread it to others four days before through four days after the rash appears. Measles can spread through coughing, sneezing and infected surfaces and linger in the air and on surfaces for up to two hours after infected people leave a given area.
What Is The Isolation Protocol For Measles?
People infected with measles should isolate for four days after they develop a rash, with the day of rash onset being considered day zero.
Is There A Measles Vaccine?
Yes, and it is highly effective and safe, according to the CDC. The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, which has been available for over half a century, is about 97% effective at preventing measles with the standard two doses and 93% effective with one dose. The vaccine is typically given to people when they are children, with one dose administered between 12 to 15 months and another administered between four to six years old. The vaccine generally provides long-term or lifelong protection. There is no problem with getting the vaccine if you are an adult unsure of their vaccination status, Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, told NPR. Adults born after 1957 and vaccinated before 1968 should consider getting revaccinated, NPR reported, noting early measles vaccines are not as effective.
What Has Rfk Jr. Said About The Measles Outbreak And Vaccine?
After claiming the outbreak is “not unusual,” Kennedy changed his stance and considered it “serious,” saying in a March 3 statement “the measles outbreak in Texas is a call to action for all of us to reaffirm our commitment to public health.” Kennedy, a vaccine skeptic, said vaccines contribute to community immunity, but did not explicitly tell people to get vaccinated and noted the “the decision to vaccinate is a personal one.” He also supported the use of vitamin A under the supervision of a physician to treat people with mild, moderate, and severe infection, creating concerns among health experts who have cautioned about the vitamin’s effectiveness. Sue Kressly, president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, told The Washington Post that solely relying on vitamin A instead of the MMR vaccine is “dangerous and ineffective” and can put children at risk, noting too much vitamin A can “cause serious health problems, including liver damage.” Meanwhile, advocacy non-profit Children’s Health Defense, which was founded and once chaired by RFK Jr., has attacked the effectiveness of the MMR vaccine and quoted skeptics who claimed measles was “an insignificant inconvenience until we turned it into a literal neurological damage nightmare through the MMR vaccine campaign.”
Crucial Quote
“Due to the highly contagious nature of this disease, additional cases are likely to occur in the outbreak area and the surrounding communities,” according to The Texas Department of State Health Services.
Key Background
The Texas measles outbreak began in late January with just two cases and has become the state’s largest outbreak of the virus in 30 years. The Texas Department of State Health Services said in a report of student immunization status for the 2023-2024 school year that 5.64% of Texas kindergarten students were not vaccinated for measles, while 2.34% of seventh graders had not received the vaccine. Measles was fully eliminated from the U.S. in 2000, according to the CDC, meaning the virus was not spreading within the country and new cases only came from people who contracted measles abroad and returned to the U.S. In 2024, a total of 285 measles cases were reported across 33 states.
Further Reading
Measles cases are rising in the U.S. Do adults need a vaccine booster? (NPR)
