Electronic and microelectronic control systems - Technology and Design

Electronic and microelectronic control systems
- Why feedback is important in system control?
  Systems approach: input (sensors like thermostats), process (microcontrollers), output (actuators like heaters). Feedback ensures accuracy and stability.
- What are Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)?
  PCBs are manufactured using CNC machining or chemical etching. PCB design involves placing components, creating tracks and pads, and using design software
- What inputs to electronic systems are available
  Learn about analogue and digital signals, their graphs, and devices like LDRs, thermistors, and switches (reed, PTM, SPST, SPDT, toggle, microswitch, rocker, membrane, slide).
- What are the role of relays in electronic circuits?
  Output devices: Motors, solenoids, bulbs, buzzers, relays, LEDs, 7-segment displays. Relays: Electrically operated switches controlling motors, solenoids.
- How to measure electrical units
  Current (amps), voltage (volts), and resistance (ohms) are measured using ammeters, voltmeters, and ohmmeters/multimeters; Ohm's Law (V=IR) relates them.
- Capacitors and Ohm's law
  Identify, explain, and select capacitors; understand capacitance units; grasp current, voltage, and resistance relationships; and perform Ohm’s law calculations.
- How resistors control current in circuits
  Resistors oppose current, are color-coded, and connect in series or parallel. Current-limiting resistors protect LEDs.
- How do you use transistors and thyristors in circuits?
  Can you explain the use of a thyristor as a latching switch, draw and interpret circuit diagrams containing thyristors in switching circuits.
- How a semiconductor diode protects against EMF
  Diodes, one-way current conductors, are used for voltage regulation, AC/DC conversion, and circuit protection. Forward-biased at 0.6V, conduct current, reverse bias blocks it.
- The 555 timer, time constants, digital counting & binary calculation
  Understanding DIL integrated circuits involves knowing their function and identifying pin one. The 555 timer IC produces astable and monostable outputs.
- How are flowcharts & microcontrollers (PICs) used in control systems?
  Learn about analogue and digital signals, their graphs, and devices like LDRs, thermistors, and switches (reed, PTM, SPST, SPDT, toggle, microswitch, rocker, membrane, slide).
- How robots are used and controlled
  Robots are used in industry, healthcare, space, homes, and agriculture to boost efficiency, enhance safety, and reduce costs, controlled with actuators and sensors